Introduction 2 Understanding of the “Ideal Society” in China and Russian

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From a layperson’s point of view, a dream is usually an ardent wish that brings people instant happiness the moment it comes true. A sociologist, however, goes further than that, interpreting a dream as a mental creation of a concept of the desired future, a source of motivation, and an incentive. Here we can remember K. G. Paustovsky, who wrote: “If we take away the human ability to dream, we take away one of the most powerful drivers engendering culture, art, science and the desire to struggle for a wonderful future”. With this understanding of the dream, its study using sociological methods becomes not only important but also necessary. Only relevant analysis makes it possible to determine the image of the desired future that the population of a certain country is trying to achieve or to determine the desired model of society that exists in the ideas of its citizens and serves as a basis for them to form their expectations from the state. Cross-country comparisons in this field are of special interest. They make it possible not only to determine the specific nature of a population’s dreams and their basic elements in different countries but also determine the cultural and civilizational peculiarities of these countries, reflected in the dreams that are typical of its citizens. That is why the sociological institutes of two Academies of Sciences—Russian and Chinese—made the decision to conduct such a comparative analysis with financial support from research funds in their countries.1 Now they would like to show the results of their work to the readers.

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