Журнал: Полис. Политические исследованияПабст А. Цивилизация и либеральная демократия

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Журнал: Полис. Политические исследования

Пабст А.

Цивилизация и либеральная демократия

Пабст Адриан , Университет Кент
a.pabst@kent.ac.uk

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Пабст А. Цивилизация и либеральная демократия . – Полис. Политические исследования. 2021. Том 30. № 4. С. 26-42.
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Тема номера: Размышления о цивилизациях, многополярности и мировом порядке

Аннотация

Цивилизация – это новый стержень международных отношений. Брекзит, Трамп и возрождение России, Китая и Индии поставили культуру и цивилизационную идентичность в центр как внутренней, так и внешней политики многих стран мира. Инспирируя “культурные войны”, охватившие Запад, а также сопротивление западному универсализму в большей части незападного мира, цивилизационные нормы апеллируют не только к разуму, но и к сердцам людей, их желанию и потребности в принадлежности. В статье рассматривается возрождение цивилизации как ответ на динамику либерально-демократической модели. Либерально-демократические системы государственного управления отступают, и само их существование находится под вопросом – не только из-за влияния внешних угроз, но вследствие внутренних процессов. Современный капитализм и либерализм высвобождают демонов демократии – олигархию, демагогию, анархию и тиранию. Эти силы подрывают основы западной цивилизации и бросают тень на универсальность западных ценностей. В ответ Россия и Китай взяли на вооружение модель государства-цивилизации, определяемого прежде всего не через этнические, национальные либо территориальные характеристики, а как воплощение уникальной цивилизации. Восхождение государств-цивилизаций не просто меняет глобальный баланс сил, но и ведет к трансформации геополитики от либерального универсализма к культурной исключительности, по мере того как мир становится “постамериканским” и “постзападным”.

Ключевые слова

цивилизация, либеральная демократия, государства-цивилизации, ценности, нормы

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